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Marion Clinch Calkins (July 15, 1895 – December 26, 1968) was an American poet, author, and teacher who taught English and Art History at the University of Wisconsin and wrote about the labor movement, industrial espionage, and fascism in America.〔 ==Biography== Marion Clinch Calkins was born on July 15, 1895, in Evansville, Wisconsin, the daughter of Julia Clinch and Judson Wells Calkins. After graduation from the University of Wisconsin in 1918, Calkins worked in a Milwaukee artillery shell packing plant, before returning to her alma mater to teach English and art history. Around this time, Calkins entered the annual poetry competition held by the Nation, submitting her poem ''I Was a Maiden'' under the name of Clinch Calkins because she wanted her authorship to be gender neutral. Oswald Garrison Villard, the editor, awarded the poem third prize but did not publish it for fear that its content was too avant garde and would cost the magazine its mailing privileges. The poem was eventually published together with Calkins early collected verse in ''Poems'' (1928). Calkins poetry, as well as humorous rhymes under the name Majollica Wattles, was published in ''The New Yorker''; and her short stories appeared in ''Town and Country Magazine''.〔 During the mid-twenties, Calkins lived in New York City working as a vocational counselor and social worker at Lillian Walds Henry Street Settlement. In 1927, Calkins worked with art historian Richard Offner (1889-1965) in Florence, Italy, on what would become his magnum opus the ''Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting''.〔 Although Calkins considered poetry to be her favorite literary medium, her most critically acclaimed book was ''Some Folks Wont Work'' (1930), a seminal document on the Depression, based on 300 individual case histories of the effects of unemployment. Published a year following the Wall Street Crash, the book received accolades on the front page of the New York Times Book Review, and brought Calkins national attention along with an invitation from Harry Hopkins to work with the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). Calkins traveled across country reporting on socio-economic conditions and ghost-writing for Hopkins.〔 In 1936, Calkins worked for Senator Robert La Follette's Civil Liberties Committee which investigated workers union civil rights. Calkins wrote the committees report and expanded her observations in ''Spy Overhead'' (1937), the first book to examine labor movement sabotage and industrial espionage. During the thirties, Calkins also became friends and worked closely with Henry Alsberg, director of the Federal Writers Project.〔 Other works of social commentary included the verse drama, ''State Occasion'' written in 1939 in response to American fascism. The play was optioned in 1943 by Broadway producer Lee Simonson, but was not performed until 1946, when it was produced and directed by Alan Schneider at Catholic University in Washington, D.C.〔 Following the Second World War, Calkins devoted much of her time assisting on a biography of the wireless and telegraph inventor Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), authored by his daughter Degna. Calkins poetry continued to be published in the ''Botteghe di Oscure'', and in a second collection, ''Strife of Love in a Dream'' (1965). She also published two novels satirizing the local Washington pastime of fox-hunting and socialite lifestyle: ''Lady on the Hunt'' (1950), and ''Calendar of Love'' (1952).〔 In 1929, Clinch Calkins married Charles Marquis Merrell, the grandson of Jacob Spencer Merrell, founder of J.S. Merrell Drug Company in St. Louis, Missouri. The business was later operated by the latters son George until it was sold to McKesson and Robbins. Mark Merrell headed the drug industry division of the National Recovery Act (NRA).〔 Calkins resided in McLean, Virginia, until her death on December 26, 1968.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marion Clinch Calkins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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